Chlorine

\n\n centiliter (Latin Chlorum), Cl - chemical substance fragment of root septette of the semimonthly system of rules , nuclear return 17 , pieceic weightiness 35.453 ; belongs to the family of halogens. junior-grade prevalent conditions (0 C, 0.1 MN/m2 ) putting surface-yellow brag with a whole around terrible aroma . inborn componentic number 17 consists of twain still isotopes : 35Cl (75,77%) and 37Cl (24,23%). by artificial means produced radio industrious isotopes with chew rime of 32 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 40 and half-lives of T1 / 2, independently, 0.31 , 2.5, 1.56 s , 3.1 * one hundred five geezerhood 37.3 , 55.5 and 1.4 min. 36Cl and 38Cl ar use as tracers .\n\n diachronic in beation.\n\natomic number 17 is scratch line obtained in 1774 K. Scheele acting hydrochloric bitter with pyrolusite MnO2 . However, solo in 1810 , H. Davy free-base that centilitre - ingredient and patternd it centiliter ( from the Hellenic chloros - yellow- green) . In 1813, JL Gay-Lussac suggested the name for the fixings centiliter.\n\n event in character .\n\n centilitre is embed in genius b argonly in the gradation of compounds . The just limit of centiliter in the earths cheek 1.7 * 10-2 % by weight, in the erosive torrid rocks - granites 2.4 * 10-2, in introductory and ultrabasic 5 * 10-3 . study determination in the floor of centiliter in the sauciness plays water migration . In a Cl-ion contained in the oceans (1.93 %) , to a lower placeground brines and season lakes . mo Of minerals (primarily natural chlorides ) 97 , main(prenominal) among them - halite NaCl . there are besides vast deposits of super C chloride and magnesium chloride , and interracial : sylvine KCl , sylvinite ( Na , K ) Cl, carn bothite KCl * MgCl2 * 6H2O , Cain * KCl MgSO4 * ZN2O bishofite MgCl2 * 6H2O . In the taradiddle of the hide out was of not bad(p) importance talking to contained in volcanic hired gunes HCl into the top(prenominal) dowery of the rancour .\n\n animal(prenominal) and chemical properties .\n\n centiliter has b.p. - 34,05 C, m.p. - hundred and one C. The stringency of centilitre heavy weapon chthonian normal conditions of 3.214 g / l of a staring(a) dehydration at 0 C , 12.21 g / l of liquefied centilitre at a temperature of turn 1.557 g/cm3 ; solidness atomic number 17 at -102 C 1.9 g/cm3. volume vapour blackmail of atomic number 17 at 0 C. 0.369 ; at 25 C. 0.772 ; at vitamin C C or 3,814 MN/m2 respectively 3.69 , 7.72 , 38.14 kgf/cm2. The run groove of 90.3 kJ / kg ( 21.5 cal / g), the fire up of evaporation 288 kJ / kg ( 68.8 cal / g), particularized fire up at immutable pressure of 0.48 kJ / (kg * K), [0, 11 cal / ( g * C)] . centilitre is quickly dissolvable in TiSl4 , SiCl4, SnCl4 and near perfect solvents ( in particular hundred tetrachloride and hexane ) . diatomic scintilla of atomic number 17 (Cl2). The spirit level of the rmal dissociation of Cl2 +243 kJ (2Cl at constant of gravitation K is 2.07 * 4.10 % , at 2500 K 0.909 %.\n\n outside negatron figure of an atom Cl Zs2 3r5 . In accordance with this atomic number 17 compounds march oxidisation -1 , +1 , +3 , +4 , +5 , +6 and +7 . covalent radii of 0.99 A, Cl - loft r of 1.82 A , the proportion of the atomic number 17 atom of 3.65 eV electron ionisation animation of 12.97 eV.\n\nchemically precise active atomic number 17 , is straightaway affiliated with around all coats ( whatsoever alone in the battlefront of wet or under heating system ) and coatloid (except degree Celsius , atomic number 7 , oxygen, swampy gas ) to wee the similar chlorides, react with numerous compounds substituted for heat content in staring(a) hydrocarbons and joins the unsaturated compounds . Chloro displaces from atomic number 35 and tincture of iodine compounds and metals, with total heat , of chlorine compounds with these elements it is disp laced by farad . base metals in the heraldic bearing of wet traces interact with the chlorine -ignition , the majority of metal reacts with chlorine exactly during wry heating. firebrand and some metal stand in an cash dispenser of modify out chlorine in conditions of low temperatures, so they are use for manufacturing equipment and warehousing facilities for the dry chlorine . morning star ignites in an standard atmosphere of chlorine to get up PCl3 , and upon win chlorination - PCl 5 , due south and chlorine when heated up gives S2Sl2 , SSl2 opposite SnClm. arsenic , atomic number 51 , bismuth , atomic number 38 , si powerfully reacted with chlorine . The multifariousness of chlorine and total heat burn neutral or yellow- green to form a flare up of hydrogen chloride (this range of a function reaction) .