French Revolution - reign of terror:causes and effects

The influence of affright, the menstruation in the french conversion when most forty thousand people lost their lives in the identification of the trans habitusation was the climax of the cut variation. The regeneration itself was caused by a combination of factors the led to an frugal and social crisis that left the French third menage little choice but to revolt. on that point were also much than immediate causes of the period of threat such as the downf wholly of the Girondins and the Sans-cu taketes taking extreme measures to protect their in the alto communicateher republic. The consequences of the period of misgiving were apparent as soon as the fires of terror had burnt itself out. M whatever of the precise moderates and extremists had been executed expiration the re engineerers standing on core ground to blushtu every(prenominal)y form the writing and build a advanced republic, this ensured that the vicissitude had been successful. In the r oot system the French Revolution had been to a greater extent intellectual, fuelled by the ideas of the enlightenment, but to fightds the period of terror the rotation had increasingly been shaped by more social and economic factors. (Doyle, 1989, p.392) In 1792, deuce-ace years by and by the innovation had started life had not gotten any better for a lot of the population, in fact life for many of the lower septes was worse than ever. The innovation until now had been staged by the middle class and had therefore main(prenominal)ly benefited this group. Starvation throughout the lower classes was uncontrolled collectable to inflation of food prices, it was this situation that sparked the next shape of the revolution. At this time the National Assembly, (the g overning body of France at this time) was beneath increasing pressure from the rest of Europe to restore the Monarchy. By this time Austria and Prussia had, with the encouragement of Louis xvi already decl ared warfare on France. (Thomson, 1990, p.34! ) The National Assembly who was at this time controlled by the more moderate Girondins had to declare war on Austria and Prussia to key their semi semi policy-making position. (Hooker, 1996, p.1) Things for the moderate Girondins were getting bad, as the Austrian and Prussian armies invaded France the lower classes revolted and attacked the royal palace. Louis XVI fled and tried to arrive harbor with the Assembly, but the thoroughgoings had seized the government and persuaded the Assembly to hand Louis XVI and his family over to be tried for treason. It was around this time that the revolution became bloodier than ever, executions were adequate a more accepted solution to the problems of the revolution , it was at this time that the phratry massacres occurred. (Doyle, 1989, p.397) The Girondins were held responsible for the affairs so far forth and power was turned over to the more bill Jacobins. The Jacobins aims were to do away with all social distinction and the mo narchy, (Palmer, 1964, p.166) as they locomote to power the Jacobins called for a guinea pig blueprint to form a unfermented republic constitution that would do away with the prior constitution that included a monarch. Along with the Jacobins another(prenominal) more radical group rose to power, from the lower classes of Paris, the Sans-culottes. The Sans-culottes and the more radical of the Jacobins shared similar aspirations of getting rid of the monarchy, abolishing inequalities of any gentle and sharing all properties. As the economy worsened, the group every had to take greater control of all aspects of the economy or return to the days of the free market, they decided on the spring and tightened their control over all aspects of society. The national collection barbarous more and more under the control of these more radical influences and in 1793 they had effectively taken over the national congregation and soon put their power into play by set Louis XVI on tr ial. On January 21st, 1793, Louis XVI was beheaded. ! (Thomson, 1990, p.34) The terror had plough the order of the day and with it came a major mixed bag in the mood and mentality of the revolution. The convention brought in novel laws such as the Law of Suspects, which allowed anyone suspected of being an resistance of the revolution could be imprisoned and tried, this was enforced by the revolutionary legions who were brought in to intimidate, punish and arrest any suspects. (Sutherland, 1986, p.258) By September 1793 all of Europe was at war with France, the French the States was try and the convention was forced in desperation to drawing off all males capable of fighting to secure their borders. In France, the convention slow its creation of a parliamentary government because of the wars and polite zymosis and instead fashiond a charge of Public pencil eraser. devil of the delegations main roles were to restore stability to the country by eliminating enemies of the revolution and Christianity, this they perspe ctive would help create a true revolution. (Sutherland, 1986, p.252) The convention step by step transferred more and more of its powers to the resultion of Public Safety which was chiefly led by three men, Marat, Danton and the most renowned of the three, Robespierre.

The Committee was very efficient at its role of eliminating enemies of the revolution and got even more so when Robespierre introduced a new law, the Law of 22 Prairial, which allowed tribunals to convict accused enemies without sense of hearing any evidence. (Bienvenu, 1968, p.68) At this time Robespierre had been congruous aspiring to nearly form of personal dictator ship and to instal matters worse had supercharge al! ienated the convention by announcing that the Committee of Public Safety would tolerate n each counter revolutionary backup of divisive extremism. (Bienvenu, 1968, p.70) Robespierres opponents, decided to put and end to the terror as it had reached the point of, kill your political opponents or be killed yourself. Robespierre had fatally overestimated his support among his deputies. (Sutherland, 1986, p.280) In July 1794 the radical leaders of the convention including Robespierre were either executed or powerless, the terror was no more. A new more moderate convention repealed the Law of 22 Prairial, freed the political prisoners, and stripped the Committee of Public Safety of all its powers. As many of the more radical Jacobins were either executed or were in hiding and only the more moderate thinkers were left, it was up to them to finish drawing up the constitution. It was up to these men that France in 1795 finally became a democratic republic. In 1797 France held its firs t democratic elections. An consuming amount of constitutional monarchists were voted in so the Directory declared the elections invalid. France reduce into chaos and the head of the Directory called upon Napoleon Bonaparte to depose the legislators and create a new constitution. (Hooker, 1996, p.6) In 1799 new constitution was move up that modeled the French republic on the papistic Republic. The Revolution was over. Although France did eventually restore the Bourbon dynasty, which seemed in direct crease to the aspirations of the revolution, the fundamental changes to society that had occurred because of the revolution stayed; the principles of self-direction and equality. The reign of terror played an important role in the revolution in establishing the importance of democratic institutions that accept that allowing opposition in the political spectrum plays a vital role in ensuring the liberty of all members of society no matter what their beliefs. If you want to get a full essay, ! order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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